|
|
Digital Libraries and the Intellectual and Economic Universe
Eileen Dolan, Wiley InterScience
Michael Lesk, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey
Joyce Ray, Institute of Museum and Library Services
Moderator Dave McArthur, NSDL Sustainability Committee
Presentations
Dave McArthur -- Introduction
Eileen Dolan -- Sustaining Digital Libraries, A Publishers Perspective
Michael Lesk -- Paying for Digital Libraries
Joyce Ray -- Cultural Heritage Online
Notes - Digital Libraries and the Intellectual and Economic Universe
Eileen Dolan - Sustaining Digital Libraries, A Publishers Perspective
Perspective of NSDL - broad, covering everything in the information cycle
Do you have what you need?
You can't be all things to all people
Research Cycle - it's good to look at everything, but a sustainable model needs to be scaled down
Information Cycle is pretty broad from authoring to storage
- publishers can't be experts in every one of these
- they work with commercial entities
- technology entities are always contacting publishers to get business
- publishers worry about metadata, usability, technology...
- no publisher will have the one solution, because there isn't one solution
What I saw in NSDL poster session are the things I worry about too
- they built interfaces, digitized collections, business models, licensing agreements
- everyone here is probably thinking about customizing their own portals for their audience and data - that's a lot of different interfaces
People start in many areas to find information - your portal or Google
Licensing Deals - robust, scalable - but publishers can't build everything themselves
Consultancy - workgroups at university or commercial level help them think through issues - back end, interoperability, discoverability, search engines - giving advice to help them move forward - long or short term
Partnering - tighter integration - certain objective and they work together to get there - share costs
Good partnering is a learned skill - difficult to sustain - need to understand objectives of all parties
Hot Topics - where focus is centered
- input from users
- users want a customized experience
- it's not what you know about the book, but what you find in the book
- challenge to find new ways to integrate access to the content
Things that Greg Crane mentioned are items that publishers are just now getting into
- how do they get structure in cost-effective way
- there is no one path into information - balance is how much structure up front and how much technology at point of access
collaborations that have worked
Microsoft, Google, Amazon are successes
- 1 access to Wiley InterScience is Google - it's simply where people start - that's not a custom experience, it's generic and simple
they look to "us"? for standards
noise around usage stats and analysis
few places to get good, validated research
opportunity to provide info on usage to commercial entities
it's about access to information
who you think you're reaching is not always who you are reaching
Question from Dave - When you saw NSDL posters, did any connections come to mind?
- was interested in usability things and visualization
- some research on extraction and creation of metadata on fly, and ways of automating that
- infrastructure database integration
people go for pdf's
metadata, interface, and interoperability of structured content are big topics with Eileen
Question from Audience - Do you have anything to share with NSDL for free?
- haven't thought how people will be trolling through their content - technical limitations if too many spiders came at once
Michael Lesk - Paying for Digital Libraries
I don't see a quick, easy way to afford what is the grand plan, so we need to think about what we can do that we CAN afford.
it is hard because of the costs of transitions - libraries are typically funded by a typical community - when very few users of your DL are in that community, univ president says, why exactly are we paying for this - so they do minimum possible and say that students will find info somewhere else
In a world of chains, why do we have independently owned libraries?
Digitization is taking over - LoC sent out far more from website than reading room
We can now afford to store vast amounts of stuff online
?? also grows on log scale
There is lots of stuff out there - is it what we want? how do we pay for it?
- typically communities pay - universities, public libraries, towns
- charge reader a subscription or per item fee
- authors pay - vanity press
- many purchases are now electronic
- Hamad - information should just be free
The cost of a library is not about shelf space (if it was, microfilm would have won).
large savings in storage area - for disk rather than book
front-end work represents most of money - we need a way to do that better
typical user is not in community paying
online subscriptions are increasing but Lesk doesn't think that WSJ can sustain at their current rate
can't compete with free - but some industries have
PLOS - public library of science
- trying to match prestige as best paper journal
- charge authors per article, then post free
- proportionally more scholars are in university - proportionally more readers are in industry
look not at how ???, but look at how can we do it online for free
- online advertising is not likely to bail us out
- micropayments - pay per view
- people prefer to pay in bulk rather than to save money for ppv
pressure in direction of ??people sitting at desks doing more work
- foundations have been supportive of online libraries and ed. but you can't shift burden to them
- cost avoidance - fewer people call help line - librarians don't want to limit calls to reference desk
- bounties - died out
2 things that seem to work - library subscriptions, author-page charges (paid by institutions)
- we're not finding a new way to pay for it
?? doesn't want to cede control of who runs univ lib
information budget
what of underlying technology and metadata is actually doing students some good?
Question - What about a hybrid business model - meter end user access to lesser used resources & bulk pay for more used resources?
- cost for least used would become so high that they could never be afforded
- people would use free resources
Question - Why not univ who have good resources try to share them?
- MIT is trying with eSpace, this group needs a clearer position on ethics of what to do with material you find
- british project - develop cd-roms of teaching material - each faculty member found it unacceptable to give transparencies that someone else wrote but acceptable to use textbook someone else wrote - is CD a textbook or transparencies
- need culture where it's okay to re-use material like this and they are able to adapt to suit needs
Comment - We have technologies that make it so that almost anyone can access anything but we have pricing schemes that make it so that almost no one can. We have to reconcile these.
Joyce Ray - Cultural Heritage Online
IMLS
- a federal funding agency
- mission to enhance museum and library services nationwide
- only agency with statutory authority to fund digitization
- 90% of funding distributed to states who decide where it goes from there - national leadership grants
Colorado Digitization Project
- funding since 1999
- they work with 40 different institutions in CO
Forum
- articulated a set of principles about good digital collections
- NISO will maintain this document
but we still have problem of individual collections and bridging content
- too much content, no way to integrate it
- OAI provided potential for integrating collections
- identify elements for collection-level description as well as search registry
knowledge integration - particularly across museums and libraries' content
integrate
- museum-goers want an authentic experience but library users want information
- same people, just different phases of their needs
??? is an event-centric model - authors and artists at the same time
metadata extraction is an important area as well
what are the principles of a good digital library?
- not just a digital collection
- defined audience & authority
- support, sponsorship of good reliable institution
- technology is important but also are the governance issues
transform LIS - support schools of Library Science
IMLS web site
Panel Questions
Question - Is it possible to have hybrid model to provide access ..
Lesk - ?? haven't seen it work - seen a lot of libraries do gateways but haven't seen - would like to believe possible, but can't point to working instance
McArthur - we tend to gravitate to value-added services - believe that it is critical to making content valuable
Dolan - need to address that value-added services are expected
Question - What do we need to do in content direction to move toward more rational model of copyright? We probably don't need to fully protect ??? institution repository? What does community like this do to try to move to find compromises with publishers so that they have viable business models but over time can make content available?
Dolan - discussions are happening, but happending one on one, recording industry for example
- a lot of overlap
- having discussions of local copy for your institution - but one on one - landscape is shifting somewhat
- on one hand - we have fiduciary responsibility to shareholders, but need to think about what does this do 1-5 years down the road
- likely to pilot ideas rather than make a broad shift
Question - You said publishers are risk averse but you can't tell us what you view as publishers IP and what is others' IP? Is it loss of ??? or loss of IP for future?
Dolan - both risky - long-term, IP plays key component - cornerstone of business models and distriubtion models, not a single-faceted concept for publisherspublisher community feels strongly about IP and protecting IP - it's about tweaking and thinking through
publishers don't do everything for revenue
today - people have more access to information - that's b/c we went digital
our expectations have changed - we want it (information) now, no waiting - it's not so much is information available anymore but how long do i have to wait to get it
McArthur - barriers
Question - Most discussions are in the context of university - but share how things are different if talking about K-12?
Ray - teachers & students will use content, but they say you cannot underestimate the lack of knowledge teachers have about lack of technology, lack of access to quality equipment, and lack of access to funding to get it
Comments
Please enter any comments in the following format.
- (commenters' initials) - month/day [comment date]
- comment
|
|